Orphan Drug Designation for Cyclodextrin | NPC

This week the FDA has stated formally that they see promise in the use of Cyclodextrin in treating Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) by granting its “Orphan Drug Designation”.

In January of 1983, the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) was passed into law in the United States with consistent pursuit by the National Organization for Rare Disorders. The ideal behind this is to encourage pharmaceutical companies to look into smaller markets with development of drugs for orphan diseases. Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) certainly falls into this category (around than 500 diagnosed ever worldwide). The benchmark on how to determine an orphan disease is one that affects less than 200,000 people.

As Nadine Hill, director of family services of the National Niemann Pick Disease Foundation (NNPDF) stated in an email to families this week, “What exactly does that mean for our NPD community? It is important to emphasize that an Orphan designation does not make any assessment at all on how the drug works in clinical trials, whether it is safe or effective in patients, nor whether it will ever be commercially available – the Orphan designation’s main purpose is to make the development of the drug more financially viable for the developer.”

Chemical structure of the three main types of cyclodextrins.

Cyclodextrins are a sugar compound which was first described in 1891 by A. Villiers. Currently the food industry uses cycodextrins in preparing cholesterol free products. The concept is to help reduce the intercellular cholesterol that becomes the main culprit in NPC. By reducing the size of the lysosomes and in theory reducing cholesterol, it can help prolong the life of a child or adult suffering from the death sentence of NPC. Although there currently is no formal clinical trial, these actions are a step in the right direction. There still is a lot of unknowns and work that will need to take place.

Behind the push to get to this point is Chris & Hugh Hempel who has twin daughters suffering from NPC. In conjunction with other NPC families they formed their own Virtual BioTech they named S.O.A.R. (Support of Accelerated Research). Through the work of much collaboration, this has shown to help move research quicker.

As of today there is no known cure or effective treatment for Niemann-Pick Type C. The future outcome looks bright even though time is not on our side. The Niemann-Pick Children’s Fund looks to provide support in the areas of research, education/awareness, and family support through existing channels.

Read the WSJ.com story here: FDA Grants Mom’s Wish; Gives Orphan Drug Designation

To learn more please visit NNPDF’s website: http://www.nnpdf.org/Cyclodextrin.html

Why Rare Diseases OUR Important

How many times have you been looking for something at your house but you accidentally find something you previously were missing? Wouldn’t it be a shame if the prize you were seeking was within reach but you discounted that it could be that easy? What if understanding Niemann-Pick Type C disease opened up the door to help millions of Americans with other disorders involving cholesterol? Of course nothing in life is easy nor will it always be within reach. With being human comes the tendency to make oversights.

It has been almost 13 years in July 2010 that the NPC1 gene, on Chromosome 18 for Niemann-Pick Type C was shared with the world on its discovery. This was a huge step and monumental discovery with associating cholesterol with a certain gene/chromosome at that time. To arrive at this point, it took decades of work which shed an abundant light into how a cell metabolizes cholesterol. In short, Niemann-Pick Type C causes progressive deterioration of the nervous system by blocking the movement of cholesterol within cells.

From a press release dated July 10, 1997 from Bethesda, MD:

“This discovery is an excellent example of how research on rare brain disorders often pays off in other ways,” says Zach W. Hall, Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). “By identifying this gene, we not only take a crucial step forward in understanding this devastating disorder, but also gain insights into problems that affect every one of us.”

In 2001, cardiovascular disease was responsible for more than 39 percent of all deaths in the United States (American Heart Association: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2004). Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in your arteries. We all know those aren’t important to our lively hood at all. OK, just joking but plaque is made up of fat, calcium, cholesterol, and other substances found in our blood that over time builds up but hardens in the passage ways of our arteries. Imagine if you’re driving through a two way tunnel but one side is now closed off?  It would be kind of hard to get through to the other side in a timely and relaxing manor with additional objects in your way? Just like that situation, this affects how we get our blood to important areas in our bodies. With millions of people dying each year, this is a huge number of people. What if Niemann-Pick Type C could provide some insight?

Other diseases such as Adult onset Alzheimer’s, Stroke, Cystic Fibrosis, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and even HIV-Aids will benefit from the research into Niemann-Pick Type C. Did you know that children can experience dementia to? Crazy to imagine because most of us think that only our elderly family members get that! With the combination of deaths due to these diseases, could you imagine if we had a more collaborative research environment? Unfortunately big companies aren’t going to sacrifice revenue opportunities to help a blip on the radar screen but they will invest if they see it helping thousands of people; this means a return on their investment. This reality is sad but true.

Rare diseases OUR important to you, me, and everyone we know. Each of us has a Chromosome 18 that is vital to us being a living human being.  I encourage you to help out in some way. That could be donating to several charities that fund research for NPC like the National Niemann Pick Disease Foundation, Ara Parseghian Medical Research Foundation, Hide and Seek Foundation or the Niemann-Pick Children’s Fund. That could be becoming and advocate in lobbying our government for better health care. It could be you just passing the word and spreading awareness.

We all are in this together and have been affected in some way by one of the diseases mentioned in this post. One person can make a difference in the world and that person could be you.

Additional Resources:

• http://www.lef.org/protocols/heart_circulatory/coronary_artery_disease_atherosclerosis_01.htm
• http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_articles/pressrelease_fatal_childhood_niemannpicktypec_071097.htm
• http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/stats.htm
• http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_articles/pressrelease_fatal_childhood_niemannpicktypec_071097.htm
• http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/FASTATS/deaths.htm

*All pictures belong to their respective parties.